Wednesday, April 28, 2010

Treatment anaphylaxis

Epinephrine
Epinephrine 1:1000, 0.01 mg/kg to a maximum of 0.5 mg, should be injected intramuscularly, without delay. This dose may be repeated at intervals of 5–15 minutes as necessary for controlling symptoms and maintaining blood pressure. 

Antihistamines
CPM an H1-blocker, 0.1 mg/kg IV q 6 hr.
Ranitidine, an H2-blocker, 1 mg/kg up to 50 mg intravenously
Cimetidine, an H2-blocker, 4 mg/kg IV q 8-12 hr
Fluids
Treatment of persistent hypotension despite epinephrine requires restoration of intravascular volume by fluid replacement, initially with a crystalloid solution, 20–30 mL/kg in the first hour.

Bronchodilators
Nebulized 2-agonists Salbutamol(Ventolin) (5mg/1ml)  dose 0.03-0.05 ml/kg/dose diluted in 2–3 mL saline

Corticosteroids
for prevent biphasic anaphylaxis. Intravenous methylprednisolone, 1 mg/kg, or hydrocortisone, 5 mg/kg, can be given every 6 hours.

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